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What is Mammography?
Mammography is a special type of x-ray imaging used to create detailed images of the breast. It is estimated that 48 million mammograms are performed each year in the United States. Mammography uses low dose x-ray; high contrast, high-resolution film; and an x-ray system designed specifically for imaging the breasts. Successful treatment of breast cancer depends on early diagnosis. Mammography plays a major role in early detection of breast cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration reports that mammography can find 85 to 90 percent of breast cancers in women over 50 and can discover a lump up to two years before it can be felt. The benefits of mammography far outweigh the risks and inconvenience.
Mammography can show changes in the breast well before a woman or her physician can feel them. Once a lump is discovered, mammography can be key in evaluating the lump to determine if it is cancerous. If a breast abnormality is found or confirmed with mammography, additional breast imaging tests such as ultrasound (sonography) or a breast biopsy may be performed. A biopsy involves taking a sample(s) of breast tissue and examining it under a microscope to determine whether it contains cancer cells. Many times, mammography or ultrasound is used to help the radiologist or surgeon guide the needle to the correct area in the breast during biopsy.
During mammography, the technologist will position the patient and image each breast separately. One at a time, each breast is carefully positioned on a special film cassette and then gently compressed with a paddle (often made of clear Plexiglas or other plastic). This compression flattens the breast so that the maximum amount of tissue can be imaged and examined.
At some facilities, mammography technologists may place adhesive markers to the breast skin prior to taking images of the breast. The purpose of the adhesive markers is twofold: first, to identify areas with moles, blemishes or scars so that they are not mistaken for abnormalities, and secondly, to identify areas that may be of concern (e.g. a lump was felt during physical examination).
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